ci: build minimal and standard images (#135)

Build images without barman-cloud, to be used with backup plugins.

Other changes:

- Implement timestamp-based versioning for images
- Simplify build workflows for enhanced local testing and contribution
- Adopt OCI annotations and generate SBOMs for improved transparency

Closes #132

Signed-off-by: Francesco Canovai <francesco.canovai@enterprisedb.com>
Signed-off-by: Gabriele Bartolini <gabriele.bartolini@enterprisedb.com>
Signed-off-by: Marco Nenciarini <marco.nenciarini@enterprisedb.com>
Signed-off-by: Niccolò Fei <niccolo.fei@enterprisedb.com>
Co-authored-by: Gabriele Bartolini <gabriele.bartolini@enterprisedb.com>
Co-authored-by: Marco Nenciarini <marco.nenciarini@enterprisedb.com>
Co-authored-by: Niccolò Fei <niccolo.fei@enterprisedb.com>

Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+ARG BASE=debian:bookworm-slim
+FROM $BASE AS minimal
+
+ARG PG_VERSION
+ARG PG_MAJOR=${PG_VERSION%%.*}
+
+ENV PATH=$PATH:/usr/lib/postgresql/$PG_MAJOR/bin
+
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends postgresql-common ca-certificates gnupg && \
+    /usr/share/postgresql-common/pgdg/apt.postgresql.org.sh -y && \
+    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends -o Dpkg::::="--force-confdef" -o Dpkg::::="--force-confold" postgresql-common && \
+    sed -ri 's/#(create_main_cluster) .*$/\1 = false/' /etc/postgresql-common/createcluster.conf && \
+    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+      -o Dpkg::::="--force-confdef" -o Dpkg::::="--force-confold" "postgresql-${PG_MAJOR}=${PG_VERSION}*" && \
+    apt-get purge -y --auto-remove -o APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant=false && \
+    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /var/cache/* /var/log/*
+
+RUN usermod -u 26 postgres
+USER 26
+
+
+FROM minimal AS standard
+
+USER root
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends locales-all \
+      "postgresql-${PG_MAJOR}-pgaudit" \
+      "postgresql-${PG_MAJOR}-pgvector" \
+      "postgresql-${PG_MAJOR}-pg-failover-slots" && \
+    apt-get purge -y --auto-remove -o APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant=false && \
+    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /var/cache/* /var/log/*
+
+USER 26